Use of Computers in Pharmacy - 3899 Words

First-Year Pharmacy Students’ Computer Experience and Attitudes James W. Tysinger Office of Medical Education, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, MC 9065, Dallas TX 75235-9006-9065 Edward P. Armstrong College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721 The purpose of this study was to determine first-year doctor of pharmacy students’ computer backgrounds and attitudes. Fifty students completed a survey that assessed their computer experience, types of software used, and attitudes about computers. The majority of students (70 percent) had used a computer at least once a month in the previous year. Most (54 percent) had home computers; however, 40 percent said they relied on a†¦show more content†¦Pharmacy students, for example, indicated that they used computers for prescription processing (76 percent), word processing, literature searches, and electronic games(19). Other important issues with instructional implications also surfaced in these surveys. One, some learners appeared quite apprehensive about learning to use computers. A survey of 129 medical residents, for example, found that 18 percent were apprehensive about learning to use computers. Two, learner expertise was low with the software they used. For examp le, 91 of 127 (71 percent) medical residents said they could use a bibliographic retrieval program, but only three rated themselves as â€Å"expert† users(21). This diversity among learners indicates that some need computer skills training and support to accomplish computer-based assignments Planned learning activities—within a course and across a curriculum—can help individuals acquire and polish computer skills that they can use throughout their careers. 43 American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education Vol. 59, Spring 1995 Table I. First-year pharmacy students’ reported software experience and expertise Number (percent) of user’s reported level of expertiseb Software type Number (percent) of respondents who said Novice Intermediate Expert they could use ita Word processing Spreadsheet Database Bibliographical retreival Statistical a b 40 (80) 23 (46) 13 (26) 10 (20) 4 (8) 18Show MoreRelatedComputer Technology And Pharmacy : Computers1713 Words   |  7 PagesOctober 27, 2015 Computer Technology and Pharmacy Computer Technology and Pharmacy Over the past 40 years, information technology has had a major impact on the working lives of millions of people. Many industries have embraced computer technology because of the benefits of automated information processing. More importantly, Computers is a major part of our every day activities and it would be devastating if it was taking away because everything we do in some way requires a use of a computer. Some of theRead MoreInventory Management Project1433 Words   |  6 Pages[pic] Comsats Institute of information Technology Lahore Campus Financial and Managerial Accounting Final Project Inventory Management In Pharmacy Submitted To: Farhan Ahmed By Group â€Å"A† MBA 3.5 Years Muhammad Bilal Ifran Mustafa Awais saeed Faisal Arman Hafiz Muhammad Akram Muhammad Ismail In the name of Allah, The Beneficent, The Merciful Dedication We dedicate this project to our teacher (Farhan Ahmed). Without their patience, guidance, understanding, support, and most of all loveRead MoreEastwood Pharmacy : A Private Pharmacy Owned And Run By Richard A. Brafford1011 Words   |  5 PagesEastwood Pharmacy is a private pharmacy owned and run by Richard A. Brafford. It is located at 1605 East Plaza Drive in Tallahassee, FL. The hours of the store are 9 AM to 6 PM Monday through Friday, and the staff include two pharmacists and two pharmacy technicians along with a store manager. When I first received Eastwood Pharmacy as my site, I was very excited to see the inside workings of a private pharmacy. I did not have any prior experience in a retail pharmacy prior to walking into EastwoodRead MoreStatistical Thinking in Healthcare963 Words   |  4 Pagesfilling process of the health maintenance organization (HMO) consists of the doctor sending the prescription to the pharmacy via paper with the patient, paper to the nurse who calls in the prescription with instructions, or faxing the prescription to the pharmacy. From there, the personnel at the pharmacy fill the prescription by inputting the information given to them into their computer in order to print the instructions and medication labels for the prescriptions. They then pull the requested medicationsRead MoreHipaa Bill was Created to Protect Privacy1844 Words   |  7 Pagesreport how many cases of the flu he/she treated, but could not identify the individual. Hipaa allows some unauthorized disclosure of patient health information, such as for domestic violence, law enforcement, workers compensation, to the DEA or state pharmacy board and to report drug related problems to the FDA. If a covered entity needs to disclose any PHI other than treatment, payment, healthcare operations, or anything else allowed or required by the privacy rule, they must have a patient write specificRead MoreTechnical Paper1324 Words   |  6 PagesFund 6/8/12 As an information security officer for a small pharmacy there are a few things that need to be addressed. As with all companies it is top priority to make sure that the data that is input into the machines stays safe and to make sure that the people using the computers know it is their responsibility as well. As a security officer my supervisor has asked me to identify any inherent risks associated with the pharmacy and establish any physical and logical access control methods thatRead MoreThe Transformation Of The Pharmacy880 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Over the past six years, I have witnessed Hy-Vee undergo significant organizational changes, predominantly in pharmacy. The reorganization method have assisted pharmacies to yield more efficient figures and earnings. Structural modifications such as an innovative computer system and a central fill processing facility has upgraded the workflow. This has allowed the pharmacist to have additional time to aid our patients, which is ultimately what our goal is. 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To be able to achieve my dreams of being a pharmacist I will have to go to college. Many colleges have six year pharmacy programs. I hope to be able to make it into a college program at Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and HealthRead MoreBuilding The Pharmacy Within The Nursing Home And Rent1009 Words   |  5 PagesOur initial expense will be building the pharmacy within the nursing home and rent. Building and renovations costs will be $50,000.00. We will then furnish our pharmacy. The pieces that will be purchased include two desks, a coffee table, six chairs, 2 couches, a room divider, shelves, cabinets, and a TV. These will be inside the pharmacy and in our waiting room. Along with these, office equipment will be purchased as well. This will include three computers, a printer, fax machines, phones, staplers

Essay On The American Dream - 1945 Words

We have come a long way from the publication of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. In hopes of change, colonies came together to declare independence against the British King for his indictments. The Declaration of Independence was made entirely opposing the Kings unfair motives, injustice of systems, and the absence of public services. For which these opposing actions towards the king, was the general idea to become the American Dream. That dream consists of equality, justice, and freedom. The dream of freedom is for everyone to say and do as they please regardless of sexual preference, religious believes, race and body image. Freedom is opportunities to educate oneself, to better them and their children’s future. But after†¦show more content†¦Another example is based in Afghanistan, where women get stoned to death for adultery. The rules of stoning are grotesquely disturbing. First, the woman is buried up to her chest. Secondly, the stones thrown at her can not be too big, or too small but just perfect so she suffers. Then, the husband is more than welcome to join in on the stoning, and even persuades the woman’s children to grab a stone as well. These two women didn’t have a chance for a fair trial for their rights or freedom. Americans lost sight of what really is the American Dream, because Americans can exercise their rights and freedom, and some even take advantage of it. The American Dream provides people the freedom of opportunities to seek and own their home, and send their children to great schools to prosper. Americans also have opportunities to get health insurance threw employers and or reduced to free health insurance threw the government if unemployed or in poverty. America also has security from law enforcement and military stopping genocide and unjust acts against Americans, while fair trials in court keeps America civil. Whilst other countries set you up for failure, by not providing these sort of system s, opportunities, and freedom. Many people from around the world leave behind their homes in search of the values America has to offer them. The fascinating news is that immigrants that are destroyed by theirShow MoreRelatedEssay On The American Dream1004 Words   |  5 PagesThe American Dream: Is it Only a Dream? From the moment colonists stepped foot on American soil, freedom flowed through their skin. The new country would bring endless opprotunities to anyone who wished to pursue their dreams. Through years of effort, the United States was born and along with it a sense of equality and meaning. Today, America has much to stand for. Although times were rough along the way, the American dream is one of being free and having a voice. America has proven itself to beRead MoreAmerican Dream Essay3358 Words   |  14 PagesTHE AMERICAN DREAM THE AMERICAN DREAM Section #1 a. The impact cultures in North America have on the United States is that each region adapted the traditions and/or beliefs of those who settled in that area by maintaining dance, music, and crafts. Many English settlers did not respect the Native American cultures, and were seen as uncivilized and/or savages. Basically there was a clash of cultures, with new ideas pushing away old ways and mayor cultures oppressing others. b. ImmigrationRead MoreThe American Dream Essay755 Words   |  4 PagesA great dream, The American Dream. Or is it? Is my American Dream the same as your American Dream? Does it help? Or is it harmful? Do you know? â€Å"To achieve wealth, status, business, family, house, and (a) car(s).† That is the modern american dream. That’s is quite different compared to the original American Dream, â€Å"Every person has the opportunity to achieve their own idea of happiness.† Which version is your version? Or maybe your version is different. Have you thought about what different versionsRead MoreThe American Dream Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Dream is a concept that has circulated around the world and has caused people from other countries, and those who live in America, to come to our nation and take advantage of the opportunities in place to better their lives. The definition of the American Dream, provided by James Truslow Adams in his book The Epic of America (1931), is â€Å"a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement†¦It is not a dreamRead MoreThe American Dream Essay819 Words   |  4 PagesGrowing up, I always thought the â€Å"American Dream† was having a nice suburban house with a husband, a few kids, and a golden retriever. I think of people within the Middle Class had it pretty good because of the nice house and adorable, tightknit family. The dream has never really changed, and I don’t think what my imagination of it ever will. Something else I think of when thinking about the â€Å"American Dream,† I immediately think about is all the people that come to the United States from all overRead MoreThe American Dream Essay799 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is the American Dream? In America, numerous cultures and ethnic backgrounds are present. The American Dream is a subjective phrase, with different meanings for different people. The novels Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer, The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver, and I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou, portray different definitions of the American Dream. In theory, the American Dream is the thought that through hard work, anyone can achieve their goals in this country. In Into the WildRead MoreEssay On The American Dream936 Words   |  4 Pagespersecution. Starting with the European settlements in the 1600s and many waves of diverse groups of people migrated after thus creating this ideology known as the America Dream which encompasses the opportunity at a better life and growth in all aspects political, economic religious etc. But at what cost what is often forgot is the American nightmare which is included the perverse and horrifying accounts of colonialism, diaspora and slavery. Slaves were not migrants they did not come here on their ownRead MoreEssay on The American Dream1459 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Dream in Death of a Salesman, The Great Gatsby, and Maggie: A Girl of the Streets Millions of immigrants come to America each year to seek their American Dream. Many people believe that rising social mobility and success is possibleRead MoreEssay On The American Dream1456 Words   |  6 Pagesorder for them to come to the United States and pursue the American Dream. The American Dream has a different meaning for everyone. Many people might think of the American Dream as being able to get a job in order for them to be able to help their family members who they left back in their native country, while for others the American Dream will be to be able to purchase their first home in the United States, while for others the American Dream might be to have a good job in order for them to pay forRead MoreAmerican Dream Essay992 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent issues as they settle in the United States. Although these problems may vary, the message is the same; the American dream is a lot more difficult to achieve than previously thought. Although every immigrant is different in the problems they face while in the country, one problem seems to stand out from the rest. The biggest obstacle for immigrants to overcome to achieve the American dream is in the field of jobs. The biggest problem immigrants face is finding work in which they can support themselves

Nursing Care Plan For Catherine

Question: Discuss about the Nursing Care Plan For Catherine. Answer: Nursing diagnoses: Disturbed thought processes related to the inability to coordinate daily activities. Disturbed sleep pattern related to hyperactive mental stimulation secondary to bipolar disorder with manic presentation (Hooks, 2016). ASSESSMENT PLANNING/OUTCOME IMPLEMENTATION EVALUATION NANDA Nursing diagnosis Disturbed thought processes Evidenced by: In the past two weeks, Catherine exhibited bizarre and excited behaviours that saw her do house activities in half, commencing one without finishing the other. When her husband, Greg, questioned about anything, she got defensive and irritable. She also spoke in a rapid way without coordinating the topics, an evidence of flight of ideas. She started knocking on the doors of her neighbours in the name of starting a keep-fit club. She applied too much makeup and was dressed in bright colored clothes and jewelry. She also has delusions of grandeur as she says that the neighbours have brought her to the hospital because they are jealous of her super powers. Short term goals In the first 24 hours of admission, Catherine shall demonstrate a mood that is stable and shall practice coordinated activities that promote self-care. They include taking a bath, completing one task after the other, interacting well with the other patients among others (Barlow, 2011). After 48 hours, Catherine shall be able to control her processes of thoughts and demonstrate it physically by being rational and organized in the unit. She shall also cease to exhibit delusions such as the grandiosity that she feels. Long term goal Catherine shall relate well with her husband and stop being irritable by regaining her normal mood status. Moreover, her daily activities shall be restored, and the disturbances to the neighbours shall cease. Furthermore, Catherine shall have an enhanced mental orientation for as long as it takes. Nursing Interventions: During the phase of mania Identify the stimulants within Catherines environment and remove them to enhance sleep and promote relaxation. Monitor the levels of lithium in Catherines blood. Channel Catherines energy in pace activities and also in one direction. Implement the precautions against suicide when Catherines mood swings to depression. Consider the use of other mood stabilizers such as carbamazepine if clozapine and olanzapine do not work (Smith, 2016). During the phase of depression Formulate a contact of safety with Catherine after doing a suicide assessment. Establish the baseline information of Catherine by assessing the intensity and level of her depression. Select activities for Catherine which ensure that she succeeds and accomplishes them in order to boost her self-esteem. Spend much time with Catherine by utilizing the provisions of Hildegard Peplaus theory of interpersonal relations. Observe Catherine on a daily basis for compliance to medications and any adverse effects (Blake, 2012). Day 1-2: Catherine interacts with other clients although the manic characteristics are still expressed. Moreover, she took a bath, went to the toilet and spread her bed without any help. Thus, the goal was partially met. Day3: Catherine remains destructed and fails to demonstrate an understanding of her illness. She still insists that she was wrongly brought to the hospital for treatment and mental assessment. She also remains uncooperative to Greg and her daughter after visiting, and it has sparked some emotional instability to Greg because he often tears and remains worried about his wife. NANDA Nursing Diagnosis Disturbed sleep pattern Evidenced by: Catherine has been having difficulties in sleeping and could wake up during the wee hours of the night such as 3 am and make calls to her friends. She can also wake up at midnight and knock on the doors of her neighbours to explain to them about her plans. The sleeping problems were translated to disturbances. Expected Outcome: Catherine sleeps comfortably just like any other normal adult Short term goals Catherine shall have a regular pattern of sleeping for an adult with an average of 8 hours per day. She shall also have enough time resting during the day and between activities such as family visits and group therapy. This is to be achieved on her first day in the facility. Catherine shall not disturb other patients and the hospital staff during the night to promote their comfortability unless if it is necessary during activities such as emergencies and physiological needs like micturition and defaecation. Long term goal After discharge, Catherine and her family shall report a normal sleeping rate and eliminated levels of lethargy due to disturbed sleep. Nursing Interventions: Administer a mood stabilizer and a tranquilizer during the night for a proper sleep. Adjust the environment to favour a comfortable sleep during the night in order to prevent provocation of Catherines disturbed sleep (Gen et al., 2017). Reassure Catherine that sleep is good for health and she should have enough for a comfortable day. Offer Catherine some clean sheets and blankets and enhance her self-care by asking her to spread the bed for a comfortable look that she wishes to have. Use a calm language or an authoritarian approach when asking Catherine to go to sleep depending on the necessity of the approach. Put off the lights and regulate the room temperature to enhance a peaceful sleep for Catherine during the night. This is also suitable for other patients. Monitor the effects of mood stabilizers to prevent an overdose and adverse reactions. If necessary, administer amitriptyline 75mgs when needed as an antidepressant during the depressive phase of Catherines bipolar (Hazard, 2016). Utilize Cognitive Behaviour Therapy to help Catherine moderate her moods and engage in activities that promote sleep such as meditation (Jones, 2012). Enroll Catherine in group therapy so that she can learn some sleeping techniques from other patients with a similar problem (Munsterberg, 2014). Administer therapeutic drugs against a headache, and other side effects of antidepressants and mood stabilizers. Side effects like sweating, acute akathisia, tardive dyskinesia among others deprive Catherine of sufficient sleep. Day 1: Catherine exhibits some difficulties in sleeping but still manages to sleep for 5 hours for the entire night. Day2: Catherine begins to have a normal sleeping pattern with the help of medications. Day 3: She now sleeps well without any form of night disturbances and awakenings. She only woke up due to the urge to evacuate the bowels. The goal was fully met. Nursing care plan rationale First diagnosis. The nurse has a responsibility of protecting Catherine and ensuring that the environment is safe to prevent any form of environmental agitation and fear. Lithium has side effects especially weight gain and therefore needs to be monitored to manage themin advance. Channeling energy in one direction promotes conservation. Taking suicide precautions prevents the overwhelming pressure for suicide especially during the depressive phase of bipolar. Mood stabilizers act by preventing agitation (S.27.04 Emotional processing in mood disorders, 2014). Second diagnosis Reassurance promotes patient comfortability. Clean sheets and blankets ensure that the patient sleeps well and remains calm through the night. Calm communication with Catherine develops rapport and enhances trust. A reduced light in the room during the night promotes sleep by activating retina pigments during the night (Terao and Hirakawa, 2016). Group and cognitive behavior therapies enhance alertness, lowers anxiety and promotes a feeling of confidence as Catherine will realize she is not the only one with the same problem. Compliance to medications prevent the manic and depressive symptoms of bipolar disorder (Munsterberg, 2014). References Barlow, D. (2011).Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders. 1st ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Blake, T. (2012). Three medication pathways for bipolar disorder.Nursing, 42(5), pp.28-35. Gen, A., Kalelio?lu, T., Karamustafal?o?lu, N. and Eml, M. (2017). Peripheral Biomarkers in Bipolar Disorder Manic Episode.Journal of Mood Disorders, p.1. Hazard, J. (2016). Amitriptyline.Reactions Weekly, 1599(1), pp.20-20. Hooks, R. (2016). Developing nursing care plans.Nursing Standard, 30(45), pp.64-65. Jones, S. (2012). Cognitive behaviour therapy in the treatment of bipolar disorder.Bipolar Disorders, 4(4), pp.275-275. Munsterberg, H. (2014).Psychotherapy. 1st ed. Auckland: The Floating Press. S.27.04 Emotional processing in mood disorders. (2014).European Neuropsychopharmacology, 15, p.S355. Smith, J. (2016). Olanzapine is effective at a cost in adolescent bipolar manic episodes.In pharma Weekly, NA;(1616), p.22. Terao, T. and Hirakawa, H. (2016). "Light Modulation Therapy" for Bipolar Disorder.Bipolar Disorder: Open Access, 1(1).

Nestle Alcon Value of Listing free essay sample

Alcon’s value was completely buried in food and beverage ocean (Nestle) ‘Best way to show the intrinsic value of this fantastic company might be to make it public to let the market decide what the real value should be’ Growth rate: twice the Nestle groups growth rate Should have higher valuation multiple than Nestle group Nestle’s EBITDA multiple: 12. 7X (in line with competitors) Other businesses embedded in that multiple masked a food and beverage business that was trading at a discount to its peers – Alcon and 26% stake in L’Oreal Guarding the Credit Rating: Early 2002 Nestle would pay $10. 3 billion in cash for pet food company Undertake debt reduction program after acquisition Nestle’s current rating: AAA SP and Moody’s analysts put the company on its watch list Firmly kept the highest credit rating possible Reasons for the carve-out of Alcon: Market to reflect the full value of Alcon Only food and beverage analysts follow Nestle group Pharmaceutical Analyst do not consider Alcon being part of Nestle To come out conglomerate discount Paying of Nestle’s debt to maintain stellar credit rating Can use appropriate market multiple Can use stock option to pay compensation Listing options: Now Nestle has to choose one of the listing options out of the 4 available to them. They have asked Credit Suisse First Boston to analyze these options and give them a report as to the consequences of each. The four options can be summarized as under: Swiss Listing: Simple to IPO Alcon in Zurich Swiss subsidiary of another Swiss company Already operated under Swiss securities laws Would simplify relations between Nestle and Alcon Minimize future administrative costs of outstanding common shares Would limit Nestle and its underwriters to the pool of capital in Switzerland Switzerland is a developed market with few restrictions. Moreover, it will be faced with certain drawbacks such as US investors having to deal in foreign currency resulting in higher transaction costs. Also the US pension funds and mutual funds are restricted from buying foreign shares. Hence, it would decrease the base of investors of Alcon. Dual Listing: Help target specialty pharmaceutical investors Forced to abide by US as well as Swiss securities laws – not always consistent with each other Trading normally seemed to center on one market, even if the shares were initially introduced in two places USA Listing Reincorporate Alcon as a US based subsidiary Fully subject to US corporate income tax Not able to claim deductions in US for royalty payments paid to Swiss parent company Management signaled that this is not an option Nestle would not move Alcon out of Switzerland Corporate governance Rename the firm Alcon, Inc. rather than Alcon. AG. , Amend the incorporation documentation to conform to US standards wherever possible Create a board of directors, with prominent independent US business figures; structure the board to resemble other US boards with characteristics such as staggered terms Financial reporting Regularly quarterly reporting of earnings under US GAAP Dividend payments in USD by establishing a hedging facility converting dividends declared in Swiss Francs into dollar denominated payments Exchange listing ADR would highlight Alcon’s foreign status Engage major settlement and custodian banks to create a share registry system to make procedures for trading shares and voting rights more like those for other US companies Operations Keep HQs, top management, and RD facilities in Texas From US – revenues: 53% and operating income: 58% However, this option has been rejected by the Nestle executives as they want the IPR to stay in Switzerland. Also, this has major cost benefits which it will lose in case it gets listed in US. American Depository Receipts (ADRs): Most familiar instrument May be targeted by US pharma funds May be seen as candidate for international diversifications Minimizes cross-national differences in securities regulations and trading conventions List Alcon in Switzerland and issue ADR in US. Still US investors have an underlying economic exposure to USD/CHF exchange rate. Advantages: Access more investors Broader shareholder base Increases liquidity of shares and making it less risky Good corporate governance – filing US GAAP accounts, meeting certain standards of corporate governance Increased firm’s valuation Cross-listed firms have higher returns and a lower cost of capital May make a firm and its products more recognizable in US May be useful as an acquisition currency Easier for foreign firms to compete for managerial talent since they can offer managers stock options in the form of ADRs May also increase executive pay – universe of comparable companies broadens to US and global firms which usually have higher levels of compensation Disadvantages: May not retain its Swiss identity Requires more transparency in operations and results May become a takeover candidate Undermining Nestle’s corporate culture and protection it enjoys from takeover Listing of Alcon and unbundling the value: Food and Beverage (FB) Industry Company %FB Industry Enterprise Value EBITDA EBITDA Multiples Cadbury Schweppes 51% 15,518 1,511 10. 3 Campbell 91% 16,254 1,475 11. 0 Danone NA 21,854 2,138 10. 2 General Mills 100% 28,104 1,484 18. 9 Heinz 100% 19,855 1,912 10. 4 Kellog 100% 18,262 1,640 11. 1 Kraft 100% 33,082 6,608 5. 0 Nestle 94% 97,500 7,662 12. 7 Unilever NA 50,038 NA NA Mean 11. 2 Median 10. 7 Pharma Company Company % Pharma Industry Enterprise Value EBITDA EBITDA Multiples Allergan 63% 9,728 434 22. 4 Bausch Lomb** 15% 2,150 222 King 86% 10,429 426 24. 5 Teva 88% 8,345 448 18. 6 Forest 100% 14,128 449 31. 5 Mean 24. 2 Median 23. 4 Valuation of Nestles Parts Enterprise Value EBITDA EBITDA Multiples Nestle FB 78,249. 25 6,978. 70 11. 2 LOreal 9,100. 00 NA Alcon 16,568. 09 683. 3 24. 2 Nestle 103,917. 34 7,662. 00 13. 6 This sums up the valuation multiples for each of the parts of Nestle. Thus summarizing, we can say that ADRs or Dual Listing should be opted for by Nestle for the listing of Alcon. Also, this listing will contribute significantly towards unlocking the value for Nestle in the desired fashion.

How to Compare and Contrast Essay Samples

How to Compare and Contrast Essay SamplesYou are now able to find compare and contrast essay samples for free on the internet, which makes it easy to choose the appropriate sample. The free online essays are not as good as the original ones, but they can still be used for comparison purposes, since they are the same.However, the sample is still not going to be the same as the original. The differences between the samples are important for comparing the validity of the essay and also of the essay that you are considering writing for a university.If you are comparing an essay that is written for a higher level or one that has been written in a more academically challenging environment, the differences between the samples will probably be more than just the exact passage and paragraph length. For example, you might be comparing sample essays that are really different on several points, such as the content of the paragraphs and the particular choice of vocabulary. The comparison between the sample essay that is free and the original that you have paid for will also be based on the use of the word choices and on the varying levels of complexity in the sample.There will also be differences in the formats of the essays. There is no doubt that the samples vary in format from text to text, but they do still typically contain a single main idea. If you are reviewing these samples, then you need to go over the way that the sample sentences are structured. Also, you need to compare the average sentence length to the length of the samples to make sure that you are comparing an essay that is not too long or too short.The sample essay should also include information about the author and the setting of the essay. In fact, you will find that most of the sites that offer free samples do not have an author. This means that you need to know who the essay is by in order to compare the sample and to determine if the essay is a good one. The sample should also contain some references to the piece or the essay that you are reviewing. This is a major difference between the free samples and the original samples. Often, when you find an essay in a sample that is free, you are also going to see a link to the source material that you are going to need to actually read. The free sample does not provide the original.The best samples are essays that are not just examples, but are essay texts that have been written in the reader's style and are based on the specific type of work being done. These essays are very similar to the original and sometimes more so.You can now compare and contrast essay free samples, but you must compare them with the original samples before you can decide whether the sample is worth looking at. Then, if you decide that it is, you will have to read it carefully to see if you really do understand what the essay is doing and how it is not just copying the original. It is your responsibility to read the original samples carefully before you conside r taking the original essay.

Doctoring The Truth Essays - Health In The United States, Insurance

Doctoring The Truth Doctoring the Truth. The New Republic. Nov 15, 1999. P 13. Is it ethical for doctors to bend the truth in order to get an insurance company to pay for medical treatment? According to this article, most doctors do. A survey has shown that 58% of doctors say that they would be willing to give an insurance company deliberately deceptive documentation to influence the companys decision to approve surgery or other treatment for a life-threatening illness. These doctors believe that if they did not lie, their patients would receive sub-standard health care. Insurance companies are continually looking for ways to reduce their costs, and the most common way is to second-guess the doctors opinions or to approve the minimum treatments necessary. This has created a crisis in American medicine in which doctors feel they must be dishonest with the insurance companies in order to be the good guy to their patients. Does the end justify the mean? After all, these doctors seem to have a good reason for lying. They are trying to help someone, right? But it does not make it morally and ethically right. Lying is wrong, no matter what the reason is. Even though saving someones life seems to be a valid reason for bending the truth, it does not solve the problem. It is unethical for a doctor to lie, even to an insurance company. Although HMOs and insurance companies need to be dealt with, lying is not the way to defeat them. You should not lie to beat the system. It solves nothing. Lying is a quick fix. It may work on a case-to-case basis, but health care reform is the only permanent solution. While we can condemn doctors for being untruthful, we also have to look at the flip side HMOs and other insurance companies who are trying to cut back costs, approving the least expensive treatments and sometimes denying those claims that have real merit. These companies do breed an environment where it is difficult for doctors to be completely honest. Doctors are supposed to be looking after the interests of their patients, and they sometimes see lying as the only way to skirt the policies of some HMOs. The author takes the position that it is morally and ethically wrong for doctors to lie to insurance companies. However, in the current health system, dishonest pays. This creates a continuous cycle of corruption. The integrity of the medical community is at stake and patients have become the pawns. Health insurance companies have indeed created the problem but lying is not the answer. This cycle of deception begetting new rules begetting new deceptions could continue indefinitely. The authors opinion appears unbiased. He presents the facts and both sides of the issue, and condemns them both. Perhaps someday we can agree upon a reasonable system where the needs of the patient come before the wallet of the insurance company. Only then will doctors feel that they are not obligated to lie and integrity will be restored to the American health system. Social Issues

The tender laws of England Essays

The tender laws of England Essays The tender laws of England Essay The tender laws of England Essay Dickens talks about a pauper old woman, who was rendered rather misty by an unwonted allowance of beer and a parish surgeon who did such matters by contract. Dickens is trying to say about the appalling and uncaring and inadequate medical attention in workhouses. Boards generally employed the cheapest doctors. Dickens refers to Oliver as A new burden imposed upon the parish. This seems to be not Dickens view but the view of those who managed the workhouses and society in general. Dickens explains that the nurse had been drinking from a green glass bottle, the contents of which she had been tasting in a corner with evident satisfaction. Dickens views of the people who were meant to be taking care of others were not high. He thinks they are inadequate for the job, are selfish and dont care about who they are meant to be looking after. Dickens writes about Olivers mother. He says, She imprinted her cold white lips passionately on its forehead. The use of the word passionately stands out at this point because it is the first positive image so far in the novel. Dickens is trying to show how badly unmarried poor mothers were treated in the mid 1800s. The doctor states that Oliver is likely to be troublesome. This is shocking to the reader, as it is doubtful that he is to be any more troublesome than any other newborn. At the end of the first chapter, Dickens expresses that Oliver s a parish child- the orphan of a workhouse to be cuffed and buffeted through the world- despised by all, and pitied by none. Poor orphans had a very bad status in the mid 1800s as people thought it was their own fault they were poor. Dickens is sarcastic when he says that Oliver was left to the tender mercies of church wardens because Christian officials should be kind and helpful towards poor people, yet these people were to punish them. In the opening of Chapter 2 it says, Oliver was the victim of a systematic course of deception Dickens is trying to give his readers the message that Oliver has been a victim from birth.